Drawing the poverty line : a case study among rice farmers in San Francisco, Baao, Camarines Sur / Jochell A.Lomeda, Emari O. Remegio, and Ana Marie C. Adiova.

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Dissertation note: Undergraduate Theses (BPA) - Public Administration. Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, 2025 Abstract: Poverty is one of the major problems in the Philippines, and local rice farmers are among the sectors living below the poverty line. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic challenges faced by rice farmers living in Barangay San Francisco, Baao, Camarines Sur, in relation to the poverty threshold. It seeks to answer the question: What are the challenges and lived experiences of rice farmers regarding poverty? Using the triangulation method in qualitative research, this study collected quantitative data which describe the demographic profile of rice farmers, and a qualitative interview that captured their lived experiences. This study revealed that despite rice farming being the main livelihood, most farmers remain below the poverty line due to insufficient income, unstable weather conditions, lack of own farmlands, and limited or delayed government subsidies. There are some government policies for the farmers like the Rice Tariffication Law and the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF), which were found to have advantages and disadvantages for rice farmers, often failing to meet their basic family needs. Challenges like climate change, poor planning of infrastructure, and market instability had an impact on both crop yield and income stability. Additionally, lack of financial literacy contributes to food insecurity and economic vulnerability of these rice farmers, especially to their families, often leading them to limit their budget for food. Thus, this study xvii recommends that plans for responding to disasters, improved infrastructure, targeted financial support, equal access to government subsidies, and education for farmers' children are essential to improve the living conditions of rice farmers and enable them to break the poverty cycle. The narratives gathered from the participants are interpreted through thematic analysis, which aims to guide policymakers, stakeholders, and future researchers in crafting responsive agricultural and social welfare programs and policies for the local rice farmers.
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Undergraduate Theses (BPA) - Public Administration. Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, 2025

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Poverty is one of the major problems in the Philippines, and local rice farmers are among the sectors living below the poverty line. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic challenges faced by rice farmers living in Barangay San Francisco, Baao, Camarines Sur, in relation to the poverty threshold. It seeks to answer the question: What are the challenges and lived experiences of rice farmers regarding poverty? Using the triangulation method in qualitative research, this study collected quantitative data which describe the demographic profile of rice farmers, and a qualitative interview that captured their lived experiences. This study revealed that despite rice farming being the main livelihood, most farmers remain below the poverty line due to insufficient income, unstable weather conditions, lack of own farmlands, and limited or delayed government subsidies. There are some government policies for the farmers like the Rice Tariffication Law and the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF), which were found to have advantages and disadvantages for rice farmers, often failing to meet their basic family needs. Challenges like climate change, poor planning of infrastructure, and market instability had an impact on both crop yield and income stability. Additionally, lack of financial literacy contributes to food insecurity and economic vulnerability of these rice farmers, especially to their families, often leading them to limit their budget for food. Thus, this study xvii recommends that plans for responding to disasters, improved infrastructure, targeted financial support, equal access to government subsidies, and education for farmers' children are essential to improve the living conditions of rice farmers and enable them to break the poverty cycle. The narratives gathered from the participants are interpreted through thematic analysis, which aims to guide policymakers, stakeholders, and future researchers in crafting responsive agricultural and social welfare programs and policies for the local rice farmers.

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